Difference between revisions of "Darwin2049/ChatGPT4/PhaseShift"
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'''''<Span Style="COLOR:BLUE; BACKGROUND:YELLOW">[https://arguably.io/index.php?title=ChatGPT4-Questions/User:Darwin2049/Overview&action=edit Overview]</SPAN>'''''<BR /> | '''''<Span Style="COLOR:BLUE; BACKGROUND:YELLOW">[https://arguably.io/index.php?title=ChatGPT4-Questions/User:Darwin2049/Overview&action=edit Overview]</SPAN>'''''<BR /> | ||
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*'''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Cambrian Explosion. '''''The genie is already out of the bottle. Attempts to reign it back in will prove to be futile. An explosion is likely to result that will defy the best efforts to control or regulate. Therefore we might expect to see a proliferation comparable to that of earlier eras in he development of life on earth.<BR /> | *'''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Cambrian Explosion. '''''The genie is already out of the bottle. Attempts to reign it back in will prove to be futile. An explosion is likely to result that will defy the best efforts to control or regulate. Therefore we might expect to see a proliferation comparable to that of earlier eras in he development of life on earth.<BR /> | ||
*'''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Ecology.</SPAN> '''''This technology is essentially unregulated. The US Administration has proposed actions. However these may or may not get implemented any time soon. Widespread availability of deep learning and related technology absent meaningful regulation practically insures that a new ecological environment will emerge. At one end will be government sponsored research facilities and contractors. At the other end of the spectrum we may see the emergence of "one man and his dog" outfits that provide highly specialized niche products or services. An entire new ecology may gradually crystallize as a result. The electronic nature and the instant nature of worldwide connectedness may show a reiteration of evolutionary pressures that will morph at speeds far beyond the evolution of software.<BR /> | *'''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Ecology.</SPAN> '''''This technology is essentially unregulated. The US Administration has proposed actions. However these may or may not get implemented any time soon. Widespread availability of deep learning and related technology absent meaningful regulation practically insures that a new ecological environment will emerge. At one end will be government sponsored research facilities and contractors. At the other end of the spectrum we may see the emergence of "one man and his dog" outfits that provide highly specialized niche products or services. An entire new ecology may gradually crystallize as a result. The electronic nature and the instant nature of worldwide connectedness may show a reiteration of evolutionary pressures that will morph at speeds far beyond the evolution of software.<BR /> | ||
*'''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Clerisy.</SPAN> '''''Two opposing schools of thought have emerged centering around the dangers that an artificial intelligence system might exhibit. A December 7th, 1941 type event against the US by a rival or adversary would instantly tip the balance in favor of no holds barred efforts to advance all possible variations of artificial intelligence systems.<BR /> | *'''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">The Emerging Clerisy.</SPAN> '''''Two opposing schools of thought have emerged centering around the dangers that an artificial intelligence system might exhibit. A December 7th, 1941 type event against the US by a rival or adversary would instantly tip the balance in favor of no holds barred efforts to advance all possible variations of artificial intelligence systems.<BR /> | ||
**'''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Orthodoxy.</SPAN>''''' For purposes of discussion we describe the first group’s stance as the Orthodoxy. It’s stance is that ongoing developments represent can unwittingly introduce unacceptable risk. <BR /> | **'''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Orthodoxy.</SPAN>''''' For purposes of discussion we describe the first group’s stance as the Orthodoxy. It’s stance is that ongoing developments represent can unwittingly introduce unacceptable risk. <BR /> | ||
**'''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Heterodoxy.</SPAN>''''' This group’s position is that possession of advanced artificial intelligence capabilities by a rival or hostile adversary represents an existential threat and must be avoided at all costs.<BR /> | **'''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Heterodoxy.</SPAN>''''' This group’s position is that possession of advanced artificial intelligence capabilities by a rival or hostile adversary represents an existential threat and must be avoided at all costs.<BR /> | ||
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*'''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Why.</SPAN>''''' Because a number of quantum algorithms promise to upend existing processes or safeguards.<BR />For purposes of being concrete consider just a few algorithms. | *'''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Why.</SPAN>''''' Because a number of quantum algorithms promise to upend existing processes or safeguards.<BR />For purposes of being concrete consider just a few algorithms. | ||
**'''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Deutch.</SPAN>''''' | **'''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Deutch.</SPAN>''''' | ||
**'''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Shor's Algorithm''''' Is a powerful tool for factoring extremely large prime numbers. Quantum computers can collapse the time and effort required to factor large prime numbers. With the ability to factor large prime numbers it becomes possible to crack RSA encryption. <BR /> | **'''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Shor's Algorithm''''' Is a powerful tool for factoring extremely large prime numbers. Quantum computers can collapse the time and effort required to factor large prime numbers. With the ability to factor large prime numbers it becomes possible to crack RSA encryption. <BR />This means that all existing encryption methods in use today will instantly become transparent and useless. An adversary or malicious agent would be able to instantly decrypt and decode any message that had been encrypted using the best encryption methods available to date. The result will be that new forms of encryption will become mandatory. These might arise from the use of quantum encryption that can detect a "man in the middle" attack. | ||
***'''''[https://kaustubhrakhade.medium.com/shors-factoring-algorithm-94a0796a13b1 Explained Simply.]''''' | ***'''''[https://kaustubhrakhade.medium.com/shors-factoring-algorithm-94a0796a13b1 Explained Simply.]''''' | ||
***'''''[https://scottaaronson.blog/?p=208 Using simple mathematics.]''''' | ***'''''[https://scottaaronson.blog/?p=208 Using simple mathematics.]''''' | ||
***'''''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoKIWrpan6M&ab_channel=QuTechAcademy Shor’s Algorithm – illustrated.]''''' | ***'''''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoKIWrpan6M&ab_channel=QuTechAcademy Shor’s Algorithm – illustrated.]''''' | ||
***'''''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoKIWrpan6M&ab_channel=QuTechAcademy Step by step.]''''' | ***'''''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoKIWrpan6M&ab_channel=QuTechAcademy Step by step.]''''' | ||
**'''''Grover’s Algorithm.''''' This | ***'''''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePr2MgQkqL0 Grover’s Algorithm.]''''' This algorithm was developed in 1996 by Lov Grover. It leverages quantum computing to collapse the amount of time needed to perform a search of N unordered elements. <BR />Note that a crucial factor is that in performing the search for a specific element that meets a set of desired criteria, any evaluation of an element in the set yields no information about which other element in the set of N elements might help determine the desired one. | ||
<BR /><BR /> | <BR /><BR /> | ||
'''''<Span Style="COLOR:BLUE; BACKGROUND:SILVER">Quantum Mechanics.</SPAN>''''' The brief items that follow are deliberately kept brief because a discussion of the mathematics and physics underpinning quantum computing is beyond the scope of this discussion. This is because the topic area obliged a deep understanding and conversance with very advanced mathematics and physics. <BR /> | '''''<Span Style="COLOR:BLUE; BACKGROUND:SILVER">Quantum Mechanics.</SPAN>''''' The brief items that follow are deliberately kept brief because a discussion of the mathematics and physics underpinning quantum computing is beyond the scope of this discussion. This is because the topic area obliged a deep understanding and conversance with very advanced mathematics and physics. <BR /> | ||
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What can be said currently however is that this new computational environment will make possible solution to currently intractable problems soluble within acceptable time frames. The ability to do so will invariably carry with it great promise but also great risk. <BR /> | What can be said currently however is that this new computational environment will make possible solution to currently intractable problems soluble within acceptable time frames. The ability to do so will invariably carry with it great promise but also great risk. <BR /> | ||
* '''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Superposition.<SPAN />''''' Quantum computers are capable of performing calculations that are beyond the scope of classical computing devices. This arises from the quantum reality of superposition. This means that an object at the quantum level has two factors that can be measured: momentum and location. At any instant a quantum system can be in all possible definable states. The act of attempting a measurement will result in the collapse of this superposition state and result in returning a specific value. But this also means that only one factor can be known at the moment of measurement EITHER the position of the object or its momentum - but not both. This arises due to the Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle.<BR /> | * '''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Superposition.<SPAN />''''' Quantum computers are capable of performing calculations that are beyond the scope of classical computing devices. This arises from the quantum reality of superposition. This means that an object at the quantum level has two factors that can be measured: momentum and location. At any instant a quantum system can be in all possible definable states. The act of attempting a measurement will result in the collapse of this superposition state and result in returning a specific value. But this also means that only one factor can be known at the moment of measurement EITHER the position of the object or its momentum - but not both. This arises due to the Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle.<BR /> | ||
* '''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Entanglement.<SPAN />''''' Two electrons can have an entangled state. This means that if one electron is in one state, such as up spin then by definition the entangled electron of the pair will automatically have a down spin state. The two electrons can be removed to an arbitrary distance from each other. However examination of one of the pair will automatically reveal the state of the other. '''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fkAAbXPEAtU This short explanation]<SPAN />''''' captures the basics of entanglement. | |||
* '''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Coherence/Decoherence.<SPAN />''''' A crucial factor that conditions the utility of a device operating at the quantum level is noise. Any kind of noise from heat, vibration or cosmic rays can disrupt the extremely delicate processes at the quantum level. Therefore when numbers are presented they are often not well differentiated into qubits that can perform useful computations relative to those that do not. A strategy for dealing with this problem has been to use large numbers of qubits as an error correcting means. Therefore when a quantum device is said to consist of over a thousand qubits then in fact it might have to use 90% of them just for maintaining quantum coherence and entanglement. In order to get meaningful results these quantum states must be maintained for the duration of the calculation. But at these levels and using this means the result is that calculations happen at scales far beyond merely electronic or even photonic speed but due to quantum realities multiple evaluations can happen in parallel. The result has been the dramatic speed up numbers that have recently been reported in various research labs and corporations. Therefore a quantum computer that is claiming to have one hundred or more coherent qubit capability means that they can outperform classical computers by very wide margins.<BR /> | * '''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Coherence/Decoherence.<SPAN />''''' A crucial factor that conditions the utility of a device operating at the quantum level is noise. Any kind of noise from heat, vibration or cosmic rays can disrupt the extremely delicate processes at the quantum level. Therefore when numbers are presented they are often not well differentiated into qubits that can perform useful computations relative to those that do not. A strategy for dealing with this problem has been to use large numbers of qubits as an error correcting means. Therefore when a quantum device is said to consist of over a thousand qubits then in fact it might have to use 90% of them just for maintaining quantum coherence and entanglement. In order to get meaningful results these quantum states must be maintained for the duration of the calculation. But at these levels and using this means the result is that calculations happen at scales far beyond merely electronic or even photonic speed but due to quantum realities multiple evaluations can happen in parallel. The result has been the dramatic speed up numbers that have recently been reported in various research labs and corporations. Therefore a quantum computer that is claiming to have one hundred or more coherent qubit capability means that they can outperform classical computers by very wide margins.<BR /> | ||
*'''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Wave-Particle Duality.<SPAN />''''' | *'''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">Wave-Particle Duality.<SPAN />''''' | ||
* '''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">[https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Uncertainty_principle Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle].<SPAN />''''' Werner Heisenberg was the developer of the now famous [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7gXgHgQGhw Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle] and won the Nobel prize for his discovery in 1927. His principle essentially stated that at the micro level of reality (i.e. atomic or subatomic) one can only measure the position OR the momentum of a particle. But because of the particle/wave duality nature of all matter it is impossible to measure both. Should we attempt to pinpoint the location of a particle we might discover its precise point at a specific moment in time but we can NOT know its momentum. Conversely we might measure its momentum or energy state but we can NOT know its position. The reality of the world at the quantum level is inherently counterintuitive. However innumerable physics experiments have demonstrated beyond doubt that this is the reality in which all material objects exist. | * '''''<SPAN STYLE="COLOR:BLUE">[https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Uncertainty_principle Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle].<SPAN />''''' Werner Heisenberg was the developer of the now famous [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7gXgHgQGhw Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle] and won the Nobel prize for his discovery in 1927. His principle essentially stated that at the micro level of reality (i.e. atomic or subatomic) one can only measure the position OR the momentum of a particle. But because of the particle/wave duality nature of all matter it is impossible to measure both. Should we attempt to pinpoint the location of a particle we might discover its precise point at a specific moment in time but we can NOT know its momentum. Conversely we might measure its momentum or energy state but we can NOT know its position. The reality of the world at the quantum level is inherently counterintuitive. However innumerable physics experiments have demonstrated beyond doubt that this is the reality in which all material objects exist. | ||