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| '''Ivermectin has beneficial effects against SARS-COV-2''' is an argument derived from over 76 independent studies conducted by researchers around the world showing an unambiguous medical benefit in the treatment of patients suffering from SARS-COV-2 infection and the resultant Covid-19 disease. | | '''Ivermectin has beneficial effects against SARS-COV-2''' is a claim based on at least 76 independent studies conducted by researchers around the world. |
| | These studies show an unambiguous medical benefit for treatment with Ivermectin in patients suffering from SARS-COV-2 infection and Covid-19 disease. |
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| '''Reasons & Support''' | | '''Reasons & Support''' |
| @namespace svg url(http://www.w3.org/2000/svg); svg|a { color:#606060; /\* lc \*/ fill:#606060; /\* lc \*/ } svg|a:visited { color:#606060; /\* lc \*/ fill:#606060; /\* lc \*/ } svg|a:hover { text-decoration:underline; } .svgh:hover { text-decoration:underline; } @media only screen and (max-width:667px) { .annotation-text { font-weight:400; } } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:normal; font-weight:300; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-300.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-300.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:italic; font-weight:300; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-300italic.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-300italic.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:normal; font-weight:400; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-regular.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-regular.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:italic; font-weight:400; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-italic.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-italic.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:normal; font-weight:500; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-500.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-500.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:normal; font-weight:700; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-700.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-700.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:normal; font-weight:900; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-900.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-900.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto Condensed'; font-style:normal; font-weight:300; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-300.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-300.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto Condensed'; font-style:normal; font-weight:400; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-regular.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-regular.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto Condensed'; font-style:italic; font-weight:300; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-300italic.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-300italic.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto Condensed'; font-style:italic; font-weight:400; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-italic.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-italic.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto Condensed'; font-style:normal; font-weight:700; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-700.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-700.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto Condensed'; font-style:italic; font-weight:700; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-700italic.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-700italic.woff') format('woff'); } 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ All studies 65% 76 57,647 Improvement, Studies, Patients Relative Risk With exclusions 71% 51 44,741 Primary outcome 59% 76 57,700 Mortality 57% 37 44,932 Ventilation 46% 12 2,316 ICU admission 57% 7 21,857 Hospitalization 41% 20 11,380 Recovery 51% 24 3,866 Cases 78% 15 13,297 Viral clearance 57% 22 2,614 RCTs 57% 32 7,032 RCTs w/exc. 63% 25 4,423 Peer-reviewed 67% 55 25,228 Peer-rvw w/exc. 70% 41 21,188 Prophylaxis 83% 16 19,365 Early 66% 30 27,832 Late 39% 30 10,450 Ivermectin for COVID-19 ivmmeta.com Jan 22, 2022 Favors ivermectin Favors control
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| •Statistically significant improvements are seen for [mortality](#fig_fpd), [ventilation](#fig_fpm), [ICU admission](#fig_fpi), [hospitalization](#fig_fph), [recovery](#fig_fpry), [cases](#fig_fpc), and [viral clearance](#fig_fpv). All remain significant after [exclusions](https://ivmmeta.com/supp.html). 49 studies from 45 independent teams in 21 different countries show statistically significant improvements in isolation (37 primary outcome, 34 most serious outcome).
| | Statistically significant improvements are seen for mortality, ventilation, ICU admission, hospitalization, recovery, cases, and viral clearance. |
| | All remain significant after exclusions. 49 studies from 45 independent teams in 21 different countries |
| | show statistically significant improvements in isolation (37 primary outcome, 34 most serious outcome). |
| | Meta analysis using the most serious outcome shows 66% [53‑75%] and 83% [74‑89%] improvement for early treatment and prophylaxis, |
| | with similar results after exclusion based sensitivity analysis (excluding all GMK/BBC team studies), for primary outcomes, |
| | for peer-reviewed studies, and for RCTs. Results are very robust — <b>in worst case exclusion sensitivity analysis 60 of 76 studies must be excluded to avoid finding statistically significant efficacy.</b> |
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| •Meta analysis using the most serious outcome shows 66% \[53‑75%\] and 83% \[74‑89%\] improvement for [early treatment and prophylaxis](#fig_fpep), with similar results after [exclusion based sensitivity analysis](#fig_fpe) (excluding all GMK/BBC team studies), for [primary outcomes](https://ivmmeta.com/supp.html), for [peer-reviewed studies](#fig_fpp), and for [RCTs](#fig_fpr).
| | '''Results Summary''' |
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| |
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| •Results are very robust — in worst case exclusion sensitivity analysis 60 of 76 studies must be excluded to avoid finding statistically significant efficacy.
| | <table class="wikitable" border=1 style="background-color:#e6e6ff; border-collapse: collapse;"> |
| | <tr style="background-color:#9999ff;> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>Studies</b></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>Prophylaxis</b></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>Early treatment</b></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>Late treatment</b></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>Patients</b></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>Authors</b></td> |
| | </tr> |
|
| |
|
| @namespace svg url(http://www.w3.org/2000/svg); svg|a { color:#606060; /\* lc \*/ fill:#606060; /\* lc \*/ } svg|a:visited { color:#606060; /\* lc \*/ fill:#606060; /\* lc \*/ } svg|a:hover { text-decoration:underline; } .svgh:hover { text-decoration:underline; } @media only screen and (max-width:667px) { .annotation-text { font-weight:400; } } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:normal; font-weight:300; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-300.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-300.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:italic; font-weight:300; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-300italic.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-300italic.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:normal; font-weight:400; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-regular.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-regular.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:italic; font-weight:400; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-italic.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-italic.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:normal; font-weight:500; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-500.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-500.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:normal; font-weight:700; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-700.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-700.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:normal; font-weight:900; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-900.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-900.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto Condensed'; font-style:normal; font-weight:300; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-300.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-300.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto Condensed'; font-style:normal; font-weight:400; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-regular.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-regular.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto Condensed'; font-style:italic; font-weight:300; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-300italic.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-300italic.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto Condensed'; font-style:italic; font-weight:400; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-italic.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-italic.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto Condensed'; font-style:normal; font-weight:700; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-700.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-700.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto Condensed'; font-style:italic; font-weight:700; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-700italic.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-700italic.woff') format('woff'); } 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ All studies 65% 76 57,647 Improvement, Studies, Patients Relative Risk With exclusions 71% 51 44,741 Primary outcome 59% 76 57,700 Mortality 57% 37 44,932 Ventilation 46% 12 2,316 ICU admission 57% 7 21,857 Hospitalization 41% 20 11,380 Recovery 51% 24 3,866 Cases 78% 15 13,297 Viral clearance 57% 22 2,614 RCTs 57% 32 7,032 RCTs w/exc. 63% 25 4,423 Peer-reviewed 67% 55 25,228 Peer-rvw w/exc. 70% 41 21,188 Prophylaxis 83% 16 19,365 Early 66% 30 27,832 Late 39% 30 10,450 Ivermectin for COVID-19 ivmmeta.com Jan 22, 2022 Favors ivermectin Favors control
| | <tr> |
| | <td><b>All studies</b></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;">76</td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>83%</b> <span>[74‑89%]</span></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>66%</b> <span>[53‑75%]</span></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>39%</b> <span>[23‑52%]</span></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;">57,647</td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;">718</td> |
| | </tr> |
|
| |
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| •While [many treatments](https://c19early.com/) have some level of efficacy, they do not replace vaccines and other measures to avoid infection. Only 25% of ivermectin studies show zero events in the treatment arm.
| | <tr> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>Peer-reviewed</b></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;">55</td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>83%</b> <span>[73‑90%]</span></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>68%</b> <span>[50‑80%]</span></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>41%</b> <span>[17‑58%]</span></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;">25,228</td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;">558</td> |
| | </tr> |
|
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|
| •[Multiple treatments](https://c19early.com/) are typically used in combination, which may be significantly more effective.
| | <tr> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>With GMK/BBC exclusions</b></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;">51</td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>82%</b> <span>[68‑89%]</span></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>73%</b> <span>[64‑80%]</span></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>53%</b> <span>[29‑69%]</span></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;">44,741</td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;">545</td> |
| | </tr> |
|
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|
| •Elimination of COVID-19 is a race against viral evolution. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention is 100% available and effective for all variants. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used, including treatments, as supported by Pfizer \[[Pfizer](#ref_pfizerq22021), [TrialSiteNews](#ref_trialsitepfizer)\]. Denying the efficacy of treatments increases mortality, morbidity, collateral damage, and endemic risk.
| | <tr> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>Randomized Controlled Trials</b></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;">32</td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>84%</b> <span>[25‑96%]</span></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>62%</b> <span>[45‑74%]</span></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>23%</b> <span>[-1‑41%]</span></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;">7,032</td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;">361</td> |
| | </tr> |
|
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|
| _Studies_
| | <tr> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>RCTs w/GMK/BBC exclusions</b></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;">25</td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>84%</b> <span>[25‑96%]</span></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>69%</b> <span>[56‑77%]</span></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;"><b>26%</b> <span>[-2‑46%]</span></td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;">4,423</td> |
| | <td style="padding: 5px;">299</td> |
| | </tr> |
|
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|
| _[Prophylaxis](#fig_fp)_
| | <tr> |
| | <td colspan="7" style="padding: 5px;"><i>Percentage improvement with ivermectin treatment in bold (confidence interval in brackets)</i></td> |
| | </tr> |
|
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| _[Early treatment](#fig_fp)_
| | </table> |
| | |
| _[Late treatment](#fig_fp)_
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| | |
| _Patients_
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| _Authors_
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| [All studies](#fig_fp)
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| 76
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| **83%** \[74‑89%\]
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| **66%** \[53‑75%\]
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| **39%** \[23‑52%\]
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| 57,647
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| 718
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| [Peer-reviewed](#fig_fpp)[Peer-reviewed](#fig_fpp)
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| 55
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| **83%** \[73‑90%\]
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| **68%** \[50‑80%\]
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| **41%** \[17‑58%\]
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| 25,228
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| 558
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| [With GMK/BBC exclusions](#bbc)[w/GMK/BBC exclusions](#bbc)
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| 51
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| **82%** \[68‑89%\]
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| **73%** \[64‑80%\]
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| **53%** \[29‑69%\]
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| 44,741
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| 545
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| [Randomized Controlled Trials](#fig_fpr)[RCTs](#fig_fpr)
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| 32
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| **84%** \[25‑96%\]
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| **62%** \[45‑74%\]
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| **23%** \[-1‑41%\]
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| 7,032
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| 361
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| [RCTs w/GMK/BBC exclusions](/supp.html#fig_fpre)[RCTs w/GMK/BBC exc.](/supp.html#fig_fpre)
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| 25
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| **84%** \[25‑96%\]
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| **69%** \[56‑77%\]
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| **26%** \[-2‑46%\]
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| 4,423
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| 299
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| | |
| _Percentage improvement with ivermectin treatment_
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| •There is evidence of a negative publication bias, and the probability that an ineffective treatment generated results as positive as the 76 studies is estimated to be 1 in 68 billion.
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| •[Over 20 countries](https://ivmstatus.com/) have adopted ivermectin for COVID-19. The evidence base is [much larger](#table_whoapproval) and has much lower conflict of interest than typically used to approve drugs.
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| •All data to reproduce this paper and sources are in the [appendix](#appendix_methods). See \[[Bryant](#ref_bryant), [Hariyanto](#ref_hariyanto2), [Kory](#ref_kory3), [Lawrie](#ref_lawrie), [Nardelli](#ref_nardelli)\] for other meta analyses with similar results confirming efficacy.
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| [@namespace svg url(http://www.w3.org/2000/svg); svg|a { color:#606060; /\* lc \*/ fill:#606060; /\* lc \*/ } svg|a:visited { color:#606060; /\* lc \*/ fill:#606060; /\* lc \*/ } svg|a:hover { text-decoration:underline; } .svgh:hover { text-decoration:underline; } @media only screen and (max-width:667px) { .annotation-text { font-weight:400; } } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:normal; font-weight:300; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-300.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-300.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:italic; font-weight:300; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-300italic.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-300italic.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:normal; font-weight:400; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-regular.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-regular.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:italic; font-weight:400; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-italic.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-italic.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:normal; font-weight:500; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-500.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-500.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:normal; font-weight:700; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-700.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-700.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto'; font-style:normal; font-weight:900; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-900.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-v27-latin-900.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto Condensed'; font-style:normal; font-weight:300; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-300.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-300.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto Condensed'; font-style:normal; font-weight:400; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-regular.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-regular.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto Condensed'; font-style:italic; font-weight:300; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-300italic.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-300italic.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto Condensed'; font-style:italic; font-weight:400; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-italic.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-italic.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto Condensed'; font-style:normal; font-weight:700; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-700.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-700.woff') format('woff'); } @font-face { font-family:'Roboto Condensed'; font-style:italic; font-weight:700; font-display:swap; src:local(''), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-700italic.woff2') format('woff2'), url('/fonts/roboto-condensed-v19-latin-700italic.woff') format('woff'); } 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Kory et al. 69% 0.31 \[0.20-0.47\] Improvement, RR \[CI\] Bryant et al. 62% 0.38 \[0.19-0.73\] Lawrie et al. 83% 0.17 \[0.08-0.35\] Nardelli et al. 79% 0.21 \[0.11-0.36\] Hariyanto et al. 69% 0.31 \[0.15-0.62\] WHO (OR) 81% 0.19 \[0.09-0.36\] ivmmeta 57% 0.43 \[0.32-0.57\] Ivermectin meta analysis mortality results ivmmeta.com Jan 22, 2022 Favors ivermectin Favors control](#fig_metam)
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| | |
| [Global adoption: 37%](https://ivmstatus.com/)
| |
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| [![](plot/ivmworld.svg)](https://ivmstatus.com/)
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| _Evidence base used for other COVID-19 approvals_
| |
| | |
| Medication
| |
| | |
| Studies
| |
| | |
| Patients
| |
| | |
| Improvement
| |
| | |
| [Molnupiravir (UK)](https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-oral-antiviral-for-covid-19-lagevrio-molnupiravir-approved-by-mhra)
| |
| | |
| 1
| |
| | |
| 775
| |
| | |
| 50%
| |
| | |
| [Budesonide (UK)](https://www.england.nhs.uk/coronavirus/wp-content/uploads/sites/52/2021/04/C1253-interim-position-statement-inhaled-budesonide-for-adults.pdf)
| |
| | |
| 1
| |
| | |
| 1,779
| |
| | |
| 17%
| |
| | |
| [Remdesivir (USA EUA)](https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-issues-emergency-use-authorization-potential-covid-19-treatment)
| |
| | |
| 1
| |
| | |
| 1,063
| |
| | |
| 31%
| |
| | |
| [Casirivimab/i.. (USA EUA)](https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-monoclonal-antibodies-treatment-covid-19)
| |
| | |
| 1
| |
| | |
| 799
| |
| | |
| 66%
| |
| | |
| _Ivermectin evidence_
| |
| | |
| 76
| |
| | |
| 57,623
| |
| | |
| 65% \[57‑72%\]
| |
|
| |
|
| {{Claim | | {{Claim |
Line 175: |
Line 91: |
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| <references/> | | <references/> |
| ivmmeta.com | | [https://ivmmeta.com/ ivmmeta.com] [https://archive.is/stQVg archive] |
| [[Category:Biology and Medicine]] | | [[Category:Biology and Medicine]] |